Essential Guide to Safe Physical Intervention for Security Pros

Staying Prepared as a Security Officer

As a security officer, door supervisor, or bouncer, being prepared for any challenging situation is key. While physical intervention should always be a last resort, there are times when it’s necessary to ensure safety. However, understanding the risks and responsibilities is crucial.

The Risks of Physical Intervention

Physical intervention can lead to several unwanted outcomes, such as:

• Increased risk of harm to staff and customers
• Potential prosecution if the intervention is deemed unnecessary
• Allegations against staff and possible loss of license or employment

When is Physical Intervention Justified?

Physical intervention should only be used in specific situations, including:

• To prevent harm when other options have failed or are likely to fail
• When it’s not possible or appropriate to withdraw from the situation

Alternatives to Physical Intervention

Before resorting to physical intervention, consider these alternatives:

Primary Controls

• Adhere to your employer’s safety and security policies, procedures, and working practices
• Utilize safety and security equipment and technology

Secondary Controls

• Employ positive and effective interpersonal communication
• Use conflict management knowledge and skills to de-escalate situations

Responsibilities During Physical Intervention

When physical intervention becomes necessary, all staff involved must:

• Ensure the safety of everyone involved
• Designate a leader if multiple staff members are involved
• Use the least forceful option possible
• Maintain a duty of care to the subject of restraint
• Respect the dignity of the person being restrained
• Provide appropriate medical attention to anyone injured or at risk
• Challenge any unnecessary or excessive use of force by colleagues

Responsibilities After Physical Intervention

Following a physical intervention, staff must:

• De-escalate the restraint at the earliest opportunity
• Maintain a duty of care to the subject
• Provide appropriate medical attention to anyone injured or at risk
• Inform emergency services about the circumstances, position, and duration of the restraint
• Preserve evidence and secure witnesses
• Fully report and account for their actions individually

Reducing the Risks of Physical Intervention

To minimize the risks associated with physical intervention:

• Choose the least forceful intervention practicable
• Avoid high-risk positions, such as ground restraints
• Avoid high-risk methods of restraining, like neck holds
• Maintain communication between staff and the subject during restraint
• Monitor the wellbeing of the subject for adverse reactions
• Ensure leadership and teamwork, with one person taking the lead
• Follow the procedures taught in training
• De-escalate physical intervention at the earliest opportunity
• Follow emergency procedures and release the subject if they show signs of breathlessness or other adverse reactions
• Record and report restraints in line with employer and venue procedures

Understanding Positional Asphyxia

Positional asphyxia is a serious risk during physical intervention, particularly during ground restraints. It occurs when a person is held forcefully, face down or face up, on the floor. This can lead to death or permanent brain damage due to oxygen deprivation. To minimize the risk of positional asphyxia:

• Avoid restraints that carry a heightened risk
• Be aware of the signs and symptoms

Recognizing Acute Behavioral Disturbance

Acute Behavioral Disturbance, also known as Excited Delirium or Psychosis, is a combination of physical and psychological factors that can result in sudden death. Signs and symptoms include:

• High temperature
• Bizarre behavior
• Sustained mental and physical exhaustion and metabolic acidosis
• Psychosis, which can result from mental illness and/or be drug-induced (signs include hallucinations, paranoia, and extreme fear)

If you notice any ‘red flags’ during or following a restraint, treat it as a medical emergency and act accordingly.

Keeping Your Training Up-to-Date

It’s crucial to keep your physical intervention knowledge and skills current. Legislation and guidance around physical intervention can change, and your proficiency in physical skills can diminish over time. Regular refresher training is essential to ensure you’re always prepared to handle challenging situations safely and effectively.

For more information on physical intervention training, visit SIA.